Groups †Mr Validity EXCLUSIVE
Of 211 patients studied, group A comprised of 132 patients who were transplanted under TIP with low-dose immunosuppression. Group B consisted of 79 patients, considered as controls who opted out of protocol. Demographics of both groups were fairly balanced (Table 1). Mean patient age of group A was 35.1 years with 92.4% males and in group B was 34.2 years, with 74.6% males. Mean donor age was 43.2 years in the former and 40.6 years in later. Donors were mainly parents, spouses/siblings in both groups with mean HLA match in former and in later. The commonest etiology of CRF was chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) in both groups, with 50% patients in former and 34.2% having CGN in the later. Mean third party infusions were in former and in the later.
groups – Mr Validity
Regarding transplantation surgery, mean donor data in both groups was similar with mean warm-ischemia time of seconds, mean anastomosis time of minutes and mean total operation time of minutes. Mean followup of group A and B was 8.38 years and 8.95 years, respectively. Mean patient survival in the former at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 years was 92.4%, 74.2%, 70.4%, 67.6%, and 63.7%, respectively, as compared to group B with 75.6%, 71.7%, 71.7%, 63%, and 55.7% survival, respectively. Mean graft survival in the former at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 years was 92.9%, 85.6%, 81.5%, 81.5%, 79.1%, respectively, as compared to group B with 91.7%, 81.2%, 75.7%, 67.7%, 67.7%, respectively. Kaplan Meier graphs of patient and graft survival are shown in Figures 2(a) and 2(b).
Chi-square test was used for analysing significant differences from pre-and post intervention and Z-test to compare the experimental groups to the control group (HOL). P
Frequency distributions were constructed for the datasets and interpreted using frequencies and percentages. To test for significant differences, the results were analysed using the chi-squared test. A two-proportion z-test was used to compare the experimental groups to the control group (HOL). Categories with fewer than 5 responses were folded with an adjacent category. In all analyses p
We assessed 4584 patient cases from RKKP. In 2008 (pre-intervention) 1914 patient cases were included and in 2012 (post-intervention) 2670 patient cases. The mean age and gender of the participants in the pre- and post-intervention groups did not differ significantly in NFS. Fewer women with hip fractures were admitted in 2012 in HOL. Between hospitals, significant gender differences is seen for COPD in 2012 and hip-fracture both pre- and post intervention (Table 1). Changes of indicators of each of the six diagnoses from pre- to post intervention are described in the following.
Several studies have shown that EDs with observation units and senior physicians in front might improve decision-making and workflow and demonstrates a more efficient use of hospital space. Patients are discharged earlier using fewer bed days and with readmission rates less than or equal to the first-time admission rates [10],[21]-[23], indicating that the earlier discharge is not selling out on patient condition. Our results indicate a general decreased mortality in five of the disease groups in NFS; however, it includes a COPD group with unchanged or higher mortality in post data analyses, even though readmission rates shows consistent decrease in the same period. This could possibly be explained in the structure of the patient intake in the NFS ED. In the pre reorganization setup, very ill COPD patients with acute respiratory failure were directly admitted to the intensive care unit or directly in the COPD department and therefore not accounted for in the analyses. In the post reorganization setup, all patients, including the ones with respiratory failure, are seen in the ED, resulting in increasing mortality.
To our knowledge this is the first study to investigate the quality of acute care in a representative group of acute conditions before and after in a reorganized ED over a longer period of time. Earlier studies in Denmark have focused on groups of specific diagnoses [25]. These studies are, however, done without consistency throughout studies and in various ways [26]. In the absence of a standard definition of quality, measuring clinical quality in an ED is complex and difficult and fosters the question of which indicators are the most representative of a specific clinical setting [26],[27].
We noted a considerable difference in morbidity and mortality among the disease groups, which is why we chose indicators within the three primary specialties of the hospital: medicine, orthopaedic surgery and general surgery.
9L cells were implanted in the striatum of twenty 344-Fisher rats to induce a brain tumor. On day 8, animals were randomized in two groups: an untreated group and an irradiated group with three fractions of 6 Gy at day 8, 11 and 14. Survival and toxicity were assessed.
20 females Fischer-344 rats were used for this study (Charles River, Cleon, France). Rats were ten weeks-old, and weighed 150 to 200 grams. They were housed in groups of 4 in cages according to the standards of the directives of the European Union. Animal handling was conducted by the animal facility of the Faculty of Medicine of Angers, approved according to French law.
Survival was calculated from the day of the tumor implantation and presented as median and mean SE (Standard Error). Increase of life span (ILS) was calculated as follows: (Mean Survival Max - Mean Survival Min)/Mean Survival Min 100. A Student t-test was performed to compare mean survival in the two groups, using SPSS software and tests were considered as significant with p values
No rat, in any group, developed evident behavioural anomalies until approximately four days preceding death. Rats of the 2 groups were either sacrificed at stage 2 to avoid suffering or died spontaneously during the night (n = 8). The others twelve rats were found dead in the morning. There were no issues with wound healing following the procedure. All rats in group B developed incomplete and reversible (WHO grade II) alopecia at the surgical site during radiation therapy. Animals recovered by 21 days following the last day of irradiation. During the radiation therapy (d8-d14), the general behaviour was maintained, with no feeding trouble although the weight increase was slower than observed for rats in group A. For group A, weight gain was typical for twelve week-old rats. The mean increase in weight for the "untreated" group A was 7.69% between d8 and d20 versus 2.47% for the WBI group (figure 5). This difference was significant (p = 0.01). In a previous study (14), mean time of survival of the untreated group was 27.5 days; loss of weight would have been noted for a significant number of rats due to neurological deterioration related to the tumor progression. So, for group A, values of the weight increase after day 20 resulted from an extrapolation starting from the weight increase noted during the first 14 days. Weight gain was no longer significantly different one week after the end of radiation therapy (day 21) (p = 0.25) with an increase of weight estimated at 3.79% for group A and 6% for the group B (figure 5). No other clinical abnormalities due to irradiation were observed.
There is a paucity of experimental data in literature on rat radiobiology. Different energy sources are used. Some groups work with a dedicated irradiator for small animals in their laboratory. This type of irradiator uses 137Cesium or 60Cobalt source and delivers gamma-rays [[9, 19, 20] and [21]]. As Lamproglou, even though his work was on normal brain [12], we decided to treat our rats with linear accelerator used in clinical practice. Animal irradiation may be difficult to manage because of the limited availability of accelerators but the main advantage is to deliver the same energy type as in clinical practice. There are other advantages of using a nonradioactive x-ray-producing irradiator such as avoiding the increasing number of radioprotection controls as well as the potential source hazard, disposal and replacement; nonetheless the expected efficacy is the same whatever the radiation source chosen.
During the study period, 17 first-ever strokes occurred in the Hajj pilgrims and 40 first-ever stroke strokes occurred in the MSIS group. Overall, the adjusted incidence rate of first ever stroke in the Hajj cohort was lower than that of the MSIS population (9 vs. 16 per 100,000). For age- and gender-specific subgroups, the Hajj stroke crude rates were in general similar to or lower than the general population of Mashhad, Iran, with the exception of women aged 35 to 44 years and aged >75 years who were at greater risk of having first-ever stroke than the non-pilgrims of the same age.
Patients scheduled for isolated coronary artery surgery will be eligible for the study. Patients in whom postoperative multiple electrode aggregometry documents aspirin resistance will be randomized into two groups. The control group will receive 300 mg of aspirin. The dual antiplatelet group will receive 75 mg of clopidogrel in addition to 300 mg of aspirin. Patients will be followed for 6 months. Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (death from any cause, myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization due to cardiovascular pathology) as well as bleeding events will be recorded.
All consecutive patients aged 18 years or more, scheduled for an elective surgical myocardial revascularization procedure using cardiopulmonary bypass over the study period, at the University Hospital Center Zagreb, will be screened for the study. Written informed consent will be obtained from all patients prior to enrolment into the study. The preoperative exclusion criteria will include valvular pathology warranting surgical correction, critical preoperative state, inability to provide informed consent, reoperation, any medical condition for which dual antiplatelet therapy is indicated, redo-CABG, off-pump CABG, preoperative antiplatelet therapy other than ASA or clopidogrel, preoperative anticoagulation with coumadin and history of cerebrovascular accidents. Furthermore, patients who require postoperative anticoagulation, intra-aortic balloon pump support, or who die prior to postoperative day 4 will not be included into the study. All other consecutive isolated CABG patients will be screened for the study. Those patients who exhibit aspirin resistance on their MEA evaluation on postoperative day 4 will then be randomized into two groups. 041b061a72